Class X Biology Quizzes -

BCSE BIOLOGY 2022

Contains MCQ and short answer type questions from BCSE 2021 Board Papers

1 / 26

When the biconcave disc-shaped cell count in our body is less, the transport of carbon dioxide is affected.

True

False

True. The biconcave disc-shaped cells refer to red blood cells (RBCs). A lower count of RBCs can impair the transport of carbon dioxide as they play a critical role in gas exchange in the blood.

2 / 26

When the biconcave disc-shaped cell count in our body is less, the transport of carbon dioxide is affected.

True

False

True. The biconcave disc-shaped cells refer to red blood cells (RBCs). A lower count of RBCs can impair the transport of carbon dioxide as they play a critical role in gas exchange in the blood.

3 / 26

To manage kitchen wastes with the help of microbes requires an anaerobic environment.

True

False

True. Anaerobic digestion is a common method for managing kitchen waste, where microbes break down organic material in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas and digestate.

4 / 26

Suppose a bacterial cell has undergone one cycle of mitotic division and the daughter cells formed have further undergone another cycle of mitotic division, then the total number of bacterial cells produced will be 6.

True

False

False. If one bacterial cell undergoes one cycle of mitotic division, it divides into two cells. If each of those two cells then undergoes another division, you would have four cells in total (2 from the first division and 2 more from each of those in the second division).

5 / 26

The dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs maximum at night

True

False

False. The dark reactions (Calvin cycle) do not occur at night; they typically occur during the day when ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are available.

6 / 26

The dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs maximum at night

True

False

False. The dark reactions (Calvin cycle) do not occur at night; they typically occur during the day when ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are available.

7 / 26

The dark reaction of photosynthesis occurs maximum at night

True

False

False. The dark reactions (Calvin cycle) do not occur at night; they typically occur during the day when ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions are available.

8 / 26

Munch mass flow model investigates the movement of food across the plant body.

True

False

True. The Munch mass flow model explains how nutrients (specifically, sucrose) move through the phloem in plants from sources (like leaves) to sinks (like roots and fruits).

9 / 26

Contraceptives are preventive methods to help a woman avoid unwanted pregnancies. All of the following are hormonal methods of contraception EXCEPT

condom

vaginal ring

contraceptive pill

birth control shot.

The correct answer is:

A) condom.

A condom is a barrier method of contraception, not a hormonal method. The other options—vaginal ring, contraceptive pill, and birth control shot—are all hormonal methods that work by releasing hormones to prevent ovulation or alter the uterine lining.

The correct answer is:

A) condom.

10 / 26

Among the various factors that determine the formation of new species, natural selection is one of them. Which of the following best describes natural selection?

Organisms survive as a result of chance

Organisms move to a different place and breed

Organisms are separated by physical barriers forming new traits

Organisms with better traits tend to survive and breed successfully.

The correct answer is:

D) Organisms with better traits tend to survive and breed successfully.

Natural selection is the process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits to the next generation. This leads to the gradual adaptation of populations to their environments over time.

The correct answer is:

D) Organisms with better traits tend to survive and breed successfully.

11 / 26

If carbohydrates in the mouth are broken down by amylase, fats in the mouth are

broken down by

bile

lingual lipase

gastric lipase

hydrochloric acid

The correct answer is:

B) lingual lipase.

Lingual lipase is an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands in the mouth that begins the digestion of fats. While the primary digestion of fats occurs in the stomach and small intestine, lingual lipase initiates the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the mouth.

The correct answer is:

B) lingual lipase.

12 / 26

Glucose is the main product formed during photosynthesis. Glucose is formed by the

oxidation of carbon dioxide

reduction of carbon dioxide

reduction of water

photolysis of water

The correct answer is:

B) reduction of carbon dioxide.

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced in the Calvin cycle (also called the dark reaction) to form glucose. This process involves the addition of electrons (provided by NADPH) and energy (from ATP) to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

The correct answer is:

B) reduction of carbon dioxide.

13 / 26

Increased tear production to clear objects from the eye and watering of mouth are the examples of

conditioned reflex.

acquired reflex

natural reflex.

spinal reflex

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

Increased tear production to clear objects from the eye and watering of the mouth are examples of natural reflexes (also called innate reflexes), which are involuntary and automatic responses to stimuli. These reflexes are present from birth and help protect the body from harm

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

14 / 26

Increased tear production to clear objects from the eye and watering of mouth are the examples of

conditioned reflex.

acquired reflex

natural reflex.

spinal reflex

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

15 / 26

Increased tear production to clear objects from the eye and watering of mouth are the examples of

conditioned reflex.

acquired reflex

natural reflex.

spinal reflex

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

The correct answer is:

C) natural reflex.

16 / 26

Xylem tissue is made up of different types of cells. Identify the type of cell that provides strength to the plant body.

vessel

tracheid

xylem fibre

xylem parenchyma

The correct answer is:

C) xylem fibre

Xylem fibres are specialized cells that provide mechanical strength and support to the plant body. They are long, thick-walled, and lignified, which helps the plant maintain its structural integrity.

Vessels and tracheids are primarily involved in the transport of water and minerals.

Xylem parenchyma is responsible for storage and lateral transport of nutrients.

The correct answer is:

C) xylem fibre

Xylem fibres are specialized cells that provide mechanical strength and support to the plant body. They are long, thick-walled, and lignified, which helps the plant maintain its structural integrity.

Vessels and tracheids are primarily involved in the transport of water and minerals.

Xylem parenchyma is responsible for storage and lateral transport of nutrients.

17 / 26

Which of the following parts of a prokaryotic cell correctly matches with its function?

cell wall- prevents dryness of cell

capsule- locomotion and mobility

pilus- fix to surface of substratum

nucleoid- exchange DNA between bacterial cell

The correct answer is:

C) pilus - fix to surface of substratum

Pili (singular: pilus) are hair-like structures on the surface of prokaryotic cells, particularly bacteria, that help in attaching to surfaces, including substrates and host tissues. They are involved in processes such as adhesion and biofilm formation.

A) Cell wall provides structural support and protection, not primarily to prevent dryness.
B) Capsule helps in protection against desiccation and immune evasion, not locomotion.

D) Nucleoid contains the genetic material of the bacterial cell, but it does not directly exchange DNA between cells (this occurs through processes like conjugation involving structures like pili).

The correct answer is:

C) pilus - fix to surface of substratum

A) Cell wall provides structural support and protection, not primarily to prevent dryness.
B) Capsule helps in protection against desiccation and immune evasion, not locomotion.

18 / 26

‘The cell structure X of a bacteria performs the same function as the mitochondria of a plant cell’. X is

capsule.

plasmid.

ribosome

mesosome

The correct answer is:

D) mesosome

In bacteria, the mesosome is a folded invagination of the cell membrane that is thought to be involved in cellular respiration, similar to the function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It helps with the generation of energy (ATP) in prokaryotic cells.

The correct answer is:

D) mesosome

19 / 26

Upon dropping fresh grapes into an unknown solution, the grapes shrunk as shown in the figure below. It can be concluded that the unknown solution was

hypotonic

hypertonic

isotonic

distilled water

B) hypertonic.

A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the inside of the grapes. When fresh grapes are placed in a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the grapes by osmosis, causing them to shrink. This is due to the higher osmotic pressure of the external solution drawing water from the cells of the grapes.

Bravo!

B) hypertonic.

20 / 26

Suppose a man with a genotype Tt for tall height marries a woman who is also Tt for this trait, what will be the probability of having offsprings with tall height?

25%

50%

75%

100%

The trait for tall height is represented by the allele T (dominant), while the allele for short height is t (recessive). If both the man and woman have the genotype Tt, we can use a Punnett square to determine the probability of their offspring having tall height.

The possible genotypes for their offspring are:

TT (tall)
Tt (tall)
Tt (tall)
tt (short)

From this, 3 out of 4 possible genotypes (TT, Tt, Tt) will result in tall height, giving a 75% probability of tall offspring.

The possible genotypes for their offspring are:

TT (tall)
Tt (tall)
Tt (tall)
tt (short)

From this, 3 out of 4 possible genotypes (TT, Tt, Tt) will result in tall height, giving a 75% probability of tall offspring.

21 / 26

Following are the events that occur during light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.

photolysis of water II. activation of chlorophyll III. reduction of carbondioxide

Arrange the above in correct order of events occurring during photosynthesis

I, II and III

II, I and III

III, II and I

II, III and I

The correct answer is:

B) II, I and III

Here’s the correct sequence of events during photosynthesis:

II. Activation of chlorophyll: In the light reactions, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, activating it.
I. Photolysis of water: The energy from the activated chlorophyll is used to split water molecules (photolysis), releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons.

III. Reduction of carbon dioxide: In the dark reactions (Calvin cycle), the electrons and energy from the light reactions are used to reduce carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of glucose.

The correct answer is:

B) II, I and III

Here’s the correct sequence of events during photosynthesis:

II. Activation of chlorophyll: In the light reactions, sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, activating it.
I. Photolysis of water: The energy from the activated chlorophyll is used to split water molecules (photolysis), releasing oxygen, electrons, and protons.

III. Reduction of carbon dioxide: In the dark reactions (Calvin cycle), the electrons and energy from the light reactions are used to reduce carbon dioxide, leading to the formation of glucose.

22 / 26

Hardy-Weinbery law states that, the frequency of all alleles of a particular gene in an ideal population remains constant for generations in the absence of disturbing factors. Which of the following will maintain equilibrium in a population?

random mating

small population

natural selection

migration of organisms

A) random mating

Random mating is one of the key conditions for maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in a population. It ensures that there is no preference for certain traits when individuals pair, which helps keep allele frequencies constant over generations.

In contrast, factors like small population size, natural selection, and migration can disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

True!

A) random mating

In contrast, factors like small population size, natural selection, and migration can disrupt Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

23 / 26

Botanists have learnt the applications of the basic principles of genetics to produce new varieties of plants with desired traits. Which of the following helps in the production of new varieties of plants with desired traits?

use of pesticides

selective breeding

introducing new predators

improved irrigation practices

The correct answer is:

B) selective breeding

Selective breeding is the process where botanists choose parent plants with desirable traits (such as disease resistance, higher yield, or drought tolerance) to produce new plant varieties. This method relies on the basic principles of genetics to improve plant characteristics over generations

The correct answer is:

B) selective breeding

24 / 26

Geographically defined areas which connect landscapes, ecosystems and habitats for the safe movement of wildlife between one protected area to another is referred to as biological corridors. Bhutan currently has nine such identified areas for the conservation of species. The purpose of the above is for

the conservation of biodiversity

the conservation of plant species

in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

The correct answer is:

C) in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Biological corridors in Bhutan are designed for in-situ conservation, which means conserving species in their natural habitats. These corridors help maintain ecological connectivity, allowing wildlife to move safely between protected areas, promoting biodiversity and ecosystem health.

The correct answer is:

C) in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

25 / 26

the conservation of biodiversity

the conservation of plant species

in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

The correct answer is:

C) in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

The correct answer is:

C) in-situ conservation of biodiversity.

26 / 26

Waste has become a significant challenge and a major contributor to environmental degradation. Which process can be used to convert kitchen waste into useful products?

anaerobic digestion

aerobic digestion

combustion

filtration

anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion involves breaking down organic waste, such as kitchen scraps, in the absence of oxygen. This process produces biogas (which can be used as energy) and nutrient-rich digestate, which can be used as a fertilizer.

correct!

anaerobic digestion

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BCSE BIOLOGY 2021

Contains MCQ and Short Answer type questions from BCSE 2021 Board paper

1 / 25

A student while studying about the evolution learned that there are several factors contributing to the formation of new species. Which one of the following does not lead to formation of new species?

genetic drift

hybridization

sexual reproduction

asexual reproduction

The correct answer is C. asexual reproduction.

While asexual reproduction can lead to the production of new individuals, it does not typically contribute to the formation of new species in the same way that genetic drift, hybridization, and sexual reproduction can. Asexual reproduction results in genetically identical offspring, so it does not promote genetic variation necessary for speciation.

A. Genetic drift: This is a mechanism of evolution that can lead to the formation of new species by causing random changes in allele frequencies within a population.
B. Hybridization: This occurs when two different species mate, producing hybrid offspring, which can lead to the formation of new species.

D. Sexual reproduction: This increases genetic variation through the combination of genes from two parents, which can contribute to speciation over time.

The correct answer is C. asexual reproduction.

A. Genetic drift: This is a mechanism of evolution that can lead to the formation of new species by causing random changes in allele frequencies within a population.
B. Hybridization: This occurs when two different species mate, producing hybrid offspring, which can lead to the formation of new species.

D. Sexual reproduction: This increases genetic variation through the combination of genes from two parents, which can contribute to speciation over time.

2 / 25

One variety of apple trees bears large fruits but are not resistant to fungal infections while another variety of apple trees are resistant to fungal infection but bears small fruits. The two desirable traits can be infused into a single plant by

hybridization

DNA technology

vegetative propagation

cloning

The correct answer is B. hybridization.

Hybridization is the process of crossing two different varieties of plants to combine desirable traits from each parent into one offspring. In this case, hybridization can combine the large fruits from one variety and the fungal resistance from the other into a single apple tree.

The correct answer is B. hybridization.

3 / 25

Indoor plants such as spider plants and peace lilly are exclusively kept as an object of decoration.

True

False

Indoor plants like spider plants and peace lilies are not exclusively kept for decoration; they also help improve air quality and provide other benefits.

4 / 25

Which of the following is responsible for the transport of water from roots to the upper region in a plant?

xylem parenchyma

sieve tube

xylem fibres

tracheids and vessels

The correct answer is D. tracheids and vessels.

Tracheids and vessels are components of the xylem, which is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the upper regions of the plant. Tracheids are long, narrow cells that help in the conduction of water, while vessels are wider and allow for more efficient water transport.

A. Sieve tube: Sieve tubes are part of the phloem, which transports nutrients (primarily sugars) rather than water.
B. Xylem fibres: These provide structural support but are not primarily involved in water transport.

C. Xylem parenchyma: This is involved in storage and support but not the main transport of water.

The correct answer is D. tracheids and vessels.

A. Sieve tube: Sieve tubes are part of the phloem, which transports nutrients (primarily sugars) rather than water.
B. Xylem fibres: These provide structural support but are not primarily involved in water transport.

C. Xylem parenchyma: This is involved in storage and support but not the main transport of water.

5 / 25

Which of the following list of organisms are omnivores?

human, bear and dog

peacock, lion and cat.

vulture, hyena and crow.

deer, sheep and goa

The correct answer is D. human, bear, and dog.

Omnivores are organisms that eat both plants and animals. Humans, bears, and dogs are known to consume a variety of foods, including meat and plant-based items, which makes them omnivores.

A. vulture, hyena, and crow: Vultures and hyenas are primarily scavengers, and crows are often omnivorous, but not all animals in this group are strictly omnivores.
B. deer, sheep, and goat: These are herbivores, as they mainly eat plants.

C. peacock, lion, and cat: Lions and cats are carnivores, while peacocks primarily eat plant material, insects, and small animals, but they are not considered omnivores.

The correct answer is D. human, bear, and dog.

Omnivores are organisms that eat both plants and animals. Humans, bears, and dogs are known to consume a variety of foods, including meat and plant-based items, which makes them omnivores.

A. vulture, hyena, and crow: Vultures and hyenas are primarily scavengers, and crows are often omnivorous, but not all animals in this group are strictly omnivores.
B. deer, sheep, and goat: These are herbivores, as they mainly eat plants.

C. peacock, lion, and cat: Lions and cats are carnivores, while peacocks primarily eat plant material, insects, and small animals, but they are not considered omnivores.

6 / 25

The dark reaction of photosynthesis is dependent on light reaction. Which of the following reasons support the above statement?

Carbondioxide is reduced to glucose
Oxygen is produced from water
ATP provides energy for sugar synthesis
NADPH provides electron for dark reaction

1 and 2

1 and 4

2 and 3

3 and 4

7 / 25

Which one of the following statement about hormones in the reproductive system is FALSE?

progesterone helps in maintaining thin endometrium

testosterone is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in male

progesterone are produced in ovaries

testosterone are produced in testes

The correct answer is C. progesterone helps in maintaining thin endometrium.

This statement is FALSE because progesterone actually helps maintain a thickened endometrium, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

Here’s a brief overview of the other statements:

A. Progesterone is produced in ovaries: This is true; progesterone is one of the key hormones produced by the ovaries.
B. Testosterone is produced in testes: This is also true; testosterone is primarily produced in the testes.

D. Testosterone is responsible for secondary sexual characteristics in males: This statement is true; testosterone contributes to the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as facial hair, deeper voice, and increased muscle mass.

The correct answer is C. progesterone helps in maintaining thin endometrium.

This statement is FALSE because progesterone actually helps maintain a thickened endometrium, preparing it for potential implantation of a fertilized egg.

Here’s a brief overview of the other statements:

A. Progesterone is produced in ovaries: This is true; progesterone is one of the key hormones produced by the ovaries.
B. Testosterone is produced in testes: This is also true; testosterone is primarily produced in the testes.

8 / 25

Arable land in Bhutan is under serious threats of land degradation. Proper land management approach is needed to control soil erosion problems. The most suitable way to mitigate soil erosion is by

avoiding shifting cultivation

mulching

avoiding overgrazing

afforestation

The correct answer is B. afforestation.

Afforestation, or planting trees, is the most effective way to control soil erosion. Tree roots help bind the soil together, reducing the risk of soil being washed away by rain or blown away by the wind.

A. Mulching: Can help reduce soil erosion to some extent by protecting the soil surface, but it's not as comprehensive as afforestation.
C. Avoiding overgrazing: Helps in preventing degradation, but it doesn't directly restore or protect the land as effectively as afforestation.

D. Avoiding shifting cultivation: Reduces land degradation, but afforestation provides long-term stability by improving soil structure and preventing erosion.

The correct answer is B. afforestation.

A. Mulching: Can help reduce soil erosion to some extent by protecting the soil surface, but it's not as comprehensive as afforestation.
C. Avoiding overgrazing: Helps in preventing degradation, but it doesn't directly restore or protect the land as effectively as afforestation.

D. Avoiding shifting cultivation: Reduces land degradation, but afforestation provides long-term stability by improving soil structure and preventing erosion.

9 / 25

Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi are useful as well as harmful to human health. Which of the following describes the useful nature of bacteria and fungi?

I As a source of food.

II As a source of medicine.

III As a causative agent of some disease.

II &III

I &III

I & II

The correct answer is A. I & II.

As a source of food: Many bacteria and fungi (such as yeast) are used in food production (e.g., cheese, yogurt, bread).
As a source of medicine: Certain bacteria and fungi are crucial for producing antibiotics and other medications (e.g., penicillin from the mold Penicillium).

III. As a causative agent of some disease: This statement describes the harmful nature of bacteria and fungi, so it does not fit the context of describing their useful nature.

The correct answer is A. I & II.

As a source of food: Many bacteria and fungi (such as yeast) are used in food production (e.g., cheese, yogurt, bread).
As a source of medicine: Certain bacteria and fungi are crucial for producing antibiotics and other medications (e.g., penicillin from the mold Penicillium).

III. As a causative agent of some disease: This statement describes the harmful nature of bacteria and fungi, so it does not fit the context of describing their useful nature.

10 / 25

Bacteria can also be used in the treatment of waste water.

True

False

TRUE: Bacteria can be used in the treatment of wastewater through processes such as biodegradation and bioremediation, where they help break down organic matter

11 / 25

A student in a class was diagnosed with anemia. This is caused by having less

leucocytes

monocytes

lymphocytes

erythrocytes

The correct answer is A. erythrocytes.

Anemia is primarily caused by a deficiency in erythrocytes (red blood cells) or hemoglobin, which leads to a reduced capacity of the blood to carry oxygen. This can result from various factors, including nutritional deficiencies, blood loss, or bone marrow disorders.

B. Leucocytes: These are white blood cells involved in immune response, and their deficiency is related to conditions like leukopenia, not anemia.
C. Lymphocytes: A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system; their deficiency is also not directly related to anemia.

D. Monocytes: Another type of white blood cell that is involved in immune responses; their levels are not related to anemia.

The correct answer is A. erythrocytes.

B. Leucocytes: These are white blood cells involved in immune response, and their deficiency is related to conditions like leukopenia, not anemia.
C. Lymphocytes: A type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune system; their deficiency is also not directly related to anemia.

D. Monocytes: Another type of white blood cell that is involved in immune responses; their levels are not related to anemia.

12 / 25

Which of the following statements best explains why geographic isolation can lead to speciation?

Physical separation of populations reduces competition for each group

Physical separation of populations prevents interbreeding and mixing of gene pools

Physical separation of populations provides more space for each group’s size to increase

Physical separation of populations stresses the organisms and causes mutations in their genetic code

The correct answer is B. Physical separation of populations prevents interbreeding and mixing of gene pools.

Geographic isolation leads to speciation primarily because it prevents different populations from interbreeding, which results in the separation of their gene pools. Over time, genetic differences can accumulate due to mutations, natural selection, and genetic drift, eventually leading to the formation of new species.

A. Physical separation of populations reduces competition for each group: While this may occur, it does not directly lead to speciation.
C. Physical separation of populations provides more space for each group’s size to increase: This statement is more about population growth than speciation.

D. Physical separation of populations stresses the organisms and causes mutations in their genetic code: While stress can lead to mutations, this statement does not accurately capture the primary mechanism of speciation through geographic isolation.

The correct answer is B. Physical separation of populations prevents interbreeding and mixing of gene pools.

A. Physical separation of populations reduces competition for each group: While this may occur, it does not directly lead to speciation.
C. Physical separation of populations provides more space for each group’s size to increase: This statement is more about population growth than speciation.

13 / 25

A doctor observed that a patient’s Loop of Henle was not functioning properly. What will this affect?

urine will not form

urine will be concentrated

urine will be dilute

no change in the urine formed

If the Loop of Henle is not functioning properly, the correct answer is:

urine will be dilute.

The Loop of Henle is responsible for concentrating urine by reabsorbing water and salts. If it does not work properly, the kidney will be less efficient in reabsorbing water, leading to the production of more dilute urine.

It will not stop the formation of urine, but it will affect the concentration of the urine

If the Loop of Henle is not functioning properly, the correct answer is:

urine will be dilute.

It will not stop the formation of urine, but it will affect the concentration of the urine

14 / 25

‘Antibiotics are used against the diseases caused by bacteria. However, some bacteria becomes resistant to frequently used antibiotics as it survives and even multiply in the presence of antibiotics’. The part of a bacteria which becomes resistant to antibiotics is

mesosome

ribosome

granule

plasmid

The correct answer is C. plasmid.

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria that can carry genes, including those that confer resistance to antibiotics. When bacteria acquire plasmids that contain antibiotic resistance genes, they can survive and multiply even in the presence of antibiotics.

A. Granule: These are storage bodies within the bacteria and are not involved in antibiotic resistance.
B. Mesosome: This is a folded invagination of the bacterial cell membrane and does not confer antibiotic resistance.

D. Ribosome: Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, but they do not play a direct role in antibiotic resistance.

The correct answer is C. plasmid.

A. Granule: These are storage bodies within the bacteria and are not involved in antibiotic resistance.
B. Mesosome: This is a folded invagination of the bacterial cell membrane and does not confer antibiotic resistance.

D. Ribosome: Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, but they do not play a direct role in antibiotic resistance.

15 / 25

A student observed a cell under a microscope as shown in the figure.

Which structure would you select from the list provided to conclude that the cell is a prokaryotic cell?

flagellum

mitochondria

cell membrane

cell wall

To conclude that the cell is a prokaryotic cell, you would select D. mitochondria.

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria. So, if the observed cell does not contain mitochondria, this would suggest that the cell is prokaryotic.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial cells, can have a cell wall, flagella, and a cell membrane, but they do not have mitochondria, which is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

To conclude that the cell is a prokaryotic cell, you would select D. mitochondria.

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria. So, if the observed cell does not contain mitochondria, this would suggest that the cell is prokaryotic.

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacterial cells, can have a cell wall, flagella, and a cell membrane, but they do not have mitochondria, which is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells.

16 / 25

When a person is not able to walk, the part of the brain affected is

cerebrum

pons

medulla oblongata

B cerebellum

The correct answer is B. cerebellum.

The cerebellum is responsible for coordination, balance, and fine motor control, which are crucial for walking. If a person is unable to walk, it is likely due to dysfunction in the cerebellum, affecting their ability to coordinate movements.

A. Pons: While it plays a role in communication between different parts of the brain, it is not primarily responsible for walking.
C. Cerebrum: This part of the brain is involved in higher functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements, but it is not specifically responsible for coordination and balance.

D. Medulla oblongata: This part controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, but it is not directly responsible for walking.

The correct answer is B. cerebellum.

A. Pons: While it plays a role in communication between different parts of the brain, it is not primarily responsible for walking.
C. Cerebrum: This part of the brain is involved in higher functions such as thinking, decision-making, and voluntary movements, but it is not specifically responsible for coordination and balance.

D. Medulla oblongata: This part controls autonomic functions like breathing and heart rate, but it is not directly responsible for walking.

17 / 25

Accumulation of excessive lactic acid in muscle cells can be removed by intake of more oxygen.

False

True

TRUE: The accumulation of excessive lactic acid in muscle cells can indeed be removed by the intake of more oxygen, which helps in the process of converting lactic acid back to glucose through aerobic respiration.

18 / 25

Pigeons were introduced in a village and overtime their population increased taking over the native birds. What would be the most logical explanation for the increase in number?

Pigeons had many competitors

Pigeons had few predators

Pigeons died too fast

Additional pigeons were introduced

The most logical explanation for the increase in the pigeon population is C. Pigeons had few predators.

When pigeons were introduced to the village and faced few or no natural predators, their population would likely increase rapidly due to reduced mortality rates. This lack of predation allows them to thrive and outcompete native birds for resources.

A. Additional pigeons were introduced: This option could contribute to population growth but does not explain why the population increased after their introduction.
B. Pigeons had many competitors: If pigeons had many competitors, it would likely limit their population growth rather than promote it.

D. Pigeons died too fast: This statement contradicts the observation of an increasing population; if they died too quickly, the population would not increase.

The most logical explanation for the increase in the pigeon population is C. Pigeons had few predators.

A. Additional pigeons were introduced: This option could contribute to population growth but does not explain why the population increased after their introduction.
B. Pigeons had many competitors: If pigeons had many competitors, it would likely limit their population growth rather than promote it.

D. Pigeons died too fast: This statement contradicts the observation of an increasing population; if they died too quickly, the population would not increase.

19 / 25

The form of food transported from source to sinks is glucose

True

False

FALSE: The form of food transported from source to sinks in plants is primarily in the form of sucrose, not glucose.

20 / 25

Sonam studied a red blood cell and observed that substances were entering and leaving the cell, while some substances were blocked from entering. What is the nature of the cell membrane?

selective permeability

freely permeable

selective secretion

selective reabsorption

The correct answer is C. selective permeability.

The cell membrane is selectively permeable, meaning it allows certain substances to enter and leave the cell while blocking others. This helps the cell control its internal environment by regulating the movement of materials like ions, nutrients, and waste products.

A. Freely permeable: This would mean all substances can pass through, which is not true for the cell membrane.
B. Selective secretion: Refers to the process of a cell selectively releasing substances, but this doesn't describe the overall nature of the membrane.

D. Selective reabsorption: This is related to kidney function and is not a general characteristic of cell membranes.

The correct answer is C. selective permeability.

A. Freely permeable: This would mean all substances can pass through, which is not true for the cell membrane.
B. Selective secretion: Refers to the process of a cell selectively releasing substances, but this doesn't describe the overall nature of the membrane.

D. Selective reabsorption: This is related to kidney function and is not a general characteristic of cell membranes.

21 / 25

The genetic information of cheek cell and skin cell are same.

False

True

TRUE: The genetic information of cheek cells and skin cells is the same because both are derived from the same organism and contain the same DNA.

22 / 25

A student suffering from sore throat was asked to gargle with warm saline water. Name the physiological process involved.

deplasmolysis

plasmolysis

endosmosis

diffusion

The correct answer is A. diffusion.

When a person gargles with warm saline water, diffusion occurs. The salt in the saline solution helps to draw out excess fluids and reduce swelling in the throat tissues. This process involves the movement of water and ions across the cell membranes to equalize concentrations, which helps alleviate the sore throat.

B. Deplasmolysis: This is the process of cells regaining water and becoming turgid after being plasmolyzed, which is not relevant here.
C. Endosmosis: Refers to the movement of water into cells, which doesn’t apply in this case.

D. Plasmolysis: This occurs when cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, leading to cell shrinkage, which also doesn’t apply here.

The correct answer is A. diffusion.

B. Deplasmolysis: This is the process of cells regaining water and becoming turgid after being plasmolyzed, which is not relevant here.
C. Endosmosis: Refers to the movement of water into cells, which doesn’t apply in this case.

D. Plasmolysis: This occurs when cells lose water in a hypertonic solution, leading to cell shrinkage, which also doesn’t apply here.

23 / 25

Digestion of which of the following will be affected, if the liver is severely damaged?

carbohydrates

proteins

minerals

fats

The correct answer is B. fats.

The liver produces bile, which is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets, which makes it easier for digestive enzymes (like lipase) to break them down. If the liver is severely damaged, bile production is reduced, affecting fat digestion.

A. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate digestion primarily involves enzymes like amylase and is not directly dependent on the liver.
C. Minerals: Mineral absorption is not directly impacted by liver function.

D. Proteins: Protein digestion primarily takes place in the stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes like pepsin and trypsin, not bile from the liver.

The correct answer is B. fats.

A. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate digestion primarily involves enzymes like amylase and is not directly dependent on the liver.
C. Minerals: Mineral absorption is not directly impacted by liver function.

D. Proteins: Protein digestion primarily takes place in the stomach and small intestine with the help of enzymes like pepsin and trypsin, not bile from the liver.

24 / 25

Which of the following is TRUE with respect to sex-linked inheritance?

expressed mostly in males

caused due to environmental factors

non heritable disease

expressed mostly in females

The correct answer is A. expressed mostly in males.

In sex-linked inheritance, particularly for X-linked recessive traits, the condition is more commonly expressed in males. This is because males have only one X chromosome, so if they inherit a faulty gene on the X chromosome, they will express the trait or condition. Females have two X chromosomes, so they would need two copies of the faulty gene (one on each X chromosome) to express the condition, making it less common in females.

B. Non-heritable disease: Sex-linked traits are heritable, meaning they can be passed from parents to offspring.
C. Caused due to environmental factors: Sex-linked inheritance is genetic, not caused by environmental factors.

D. Expressed mostly in females: Sex-linked traits are generally more commonly expressed in males, not females, especially when recessive.

The correct answer is A. expressed mostly in males.

B. Non-heritable disease: Sex-linked traits are heritable, meaning they can be passed from parents to offspring.
C. Caused due to environmental factors: Sex-linked inheritance is genetic, not caused by environmental factors.

D. Expressed mostly in females: Sex-linked traits are generally more commonly expressed in males, not females, especially when recessive.

25 / 25

‘One of the causes of genetic variation is sexual reproduction’. During sexual reproduction

offsprings develop from single parent.

offsprings produced are genetically identical

there is no variation between offsprings.

genetic materials of two individuals are mixed up

The correct answer is A. genetic materials of two individuals are mixed up.

During sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parents combines to form offspring, leading to genetic variation. This mixing of genes contributes to the diversity seen in the offspring.

B. Offsprings produced are genetically identical: This is true for asexual reproduction, not sexual reproduction.
C. Offsprings develop from a single parent: This describes asexual reproduction, where only one parent contributes genetic material.

D. There is no variation between offsprings: This statement is incorrect as sexual reproduction inherently promotes variation among offspring due to the mixing of genetic materials.

The correct answer is A. genetic materials of two individuals are mixed up.

During sexual reproduction, genetic material from two parents combines to form offspring, leading to genetic variation. This mixing of genes contributes to the diversity seen in the offspring.

B. Offsprings produced are genetically identical: This is true for asexual reproduction, not sexual reproduction.
C. Offsprings develop from a single parent: This describes asexual reproduction, where only one parent contributes genetic material.

D. There is no variation between offsprings: This statement is incorrect as sexual reproduction inherently promotes variation among offspring due to the mixing of genetic materials.

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